Maintaining a nutritious, well-balanced diet while undergoing chemotherapy is crucial for supporting your treatment and overall well-being. Chemotherapy, a standard cancer treatment, employs various drugs to target and eliminate cancer cells throughout the body.
Despite the potential side effects such as dry mouth, taste alterations, nausea, and fatigue, prioritizing a healthy diet remains essential. Opting for gentle, stomach-friendly foods like oatmeal and eggs can provide vital nutrients and aid in managing treatment-related symptoms. Choosing mild-flavored, nutrient-dense options can help ensure your body receives the necessary nourishment to cope with the challenges of chemotherapy.
The Importance of Diet During Chemotherapy Treatment
During cancer treatment, maintaining a balanced diet is crucial for managing side effects, boosting energy, preserving muscle tone, supporting immune function, and reducing inflammation.
10 Foods For Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy
When undergoing chemotherapy, certain food items help the body to better respond to the treatment. Here are 10 foods for cancer patients on Chemotherapy. Before we get into it, remember to always consult your provider or a certified nutritionist of your diet. Also avoid food items you are allergic to even if they have a dense nutrition profile.
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Oatmeal
Oatmeal is a highly nutritious choice for individuals undergoing chemotherapy, offering various benefits to support overall health during treatment. Rich in carbohydrates, protein, and antioxidants, oatmeal provides essential nutrients needed for optimal body function. Additionally, it contains healthy fats, particularly beta-glucan, a soluble fiber known for its ability to promote gut health by nourishing beneficial bacteria.
One of oatmeal’s notable advantages is its neutral flavor and creamy texture, making it suitable for individuals experiencing common chemotherapy side effects such as dry mouth or mouth sores. Moreover, oatmeal can be easily prepared in advance, making it convenient for chemo appointments. Simply soak oats in your preferred milk overnight, refrigerate, and top with fruits, honey, or nuts for a delicious and nutritious breakfast option.
To ensure food safety, consume oatmeal within 2 hours if taken on the go, or store it in a cooler to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses. While fruit, maple syrup, and nuts are popular add-ins, savory variations with avocado or eggs can also be enjoyed. Whether eaten plain or seasoned lightly with salt, oatmeal offers a comforting and nourishing choice for individuals managing chemotherapy-related symptoms.
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Avocado
Avocados offer a valuable source of essential calories and nutrients for individuals undergoing chemotherapy, especially those experiencing a reduced appetite. Rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, avocados are known for their ability to promote heart health by lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and increasing HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Additionally, they are packed with dietary fiber, with just 3.5 ounces (100 grams) providing 27% of the Daily Value (DV).
The high fiber content of avocados contributes to improved bowel function and supports gut health by nourishing beneficial gut bacteria. Their creamy texture and mild flavor make them an excellent choice for individuals facing common chemotherapy side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, mouth sores, or weight loss.
Versatile and filling, avocados can be incorporated into various dishes. They can be mashed and spread on toast or sliced to top bowls of grains, beans, or soup. However, it’s important to wash unpeeled avocados thoroughly before slicing them to remove any potential bacteria, such as Listeria, which can cause food poisoning.
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Eggs
Fatigue is a common and challenging side effect of chemotherapy, but incorporating eggs into your diet can help alleviate tiredness. Eggs are rich in both protein and fats, providing nearly 6 grams of protein and 4 grams of fat in a single medium-sized egg (44 grams).
The combination of protein and fats in eggs offers a valuable source of energy to combat fatigue during chemotherapy. Protein also plays a crucial role in maintaining and building muscle mass, which is particularly important for individuals undergoing cancer treatment.
Eggs can be enjoyed in various ways, from hard-boiled for a convenient snack to scrambled for a satisfying meal. It’s essential to ensure that eggs are thoroughly cooked, with fully thickened yolks and hardened whites, to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses.
The soft and soothing texture of eggs makes them an excellent choice for individuals experiencing mouth sores, providing nourishment and comfort during this challenging time.
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Broth
Chemotherapy often brings about taste changes, making water taste different or less appealing. In such cases, broth emerges as an excellent alternative to ensure hydration and replenish essential electrolytes.
Broth is crafted by simmering water with vegetables, herbs, and optionally meat or poultry, along with bones. During this process, electrolytes, including vital nutrients like sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, are released into the liquid, supporting proper bodily function.
Sipping on broth becomes particularly beneficial when electrolytes are lost through vomiting, sweating, or diarrhea. Adding ingredients like chicken, tofu, or vegetables into your broth can enhance its nutritional value. Puréeing the mixture can facilitate consumption, especially if you’re experiencing mouth sores.
For additional nutrients, consider incorporating flavorless protein powder, such as collagen powder, into your broth, particularly if you’re dealing with dry mouth or reduced appetite.
However, if you’re battling nausea or vomiting, opt for clear and simple broth, sipped slowly for easy digestion. Its low fiber content makes it a gentle option during bouts of gastrointestinal discomfort.
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Almonds and Other Nuts
Portable snacks like almonds and cashews are invaluable additions to your diet.
These nuts offer many benefits, including protein, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. Almonds, for instance, are abundant in manganese and copper, providing 27% and 32% of the DV, respectively, per 1 ounce (28 grams). These minerals are crucial components of superoxide dismutases, powerful antioxidants that combat cell-damaging free radicals.
Incorporating nuts into your diet is simple; you can enjoy them as standalone snacks or add them to dishes like oatmeal for an extra nutritional boost.
However, if you’re experiencing mouth sores, consuming whole nuts may be challenging. In such cases, opt for nut butters as an alternative, ensuring you still reap the benefits of these nutrient-rich snacks.
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Pumpkin Seeds
Pumpkin seeds offer a convenient and nutritious snack option to keep you energized between chemotherapy appointments.
Rich in healthy fats, protein, and antioxidants like vitamin E, these seeds help combat inflammation and promote overall well-being. Additionally, they provide a significant source of iron, with nearly 3 grams per 1/3 cup (33 grams), supplying about 15% of the DV.
It’s essential to note that certain treatments, such as blood transfusions, may elevate iron levels in your body. In such cases, monitor your intake of pumpkin seeds and other high-iron foods to avoid complications.
For a delightful blend of flavors, consider creating your own mix by combining pumpkin seeds with dried cranberries and other dried fruits, seeds, and nuts.
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Cruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables like kale, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage are powerhouse options packed with essential nutrients.
Broccoli, in particular, is rich in vitamin C, crucial for supporting your immune system during chemotherapy. Additionally, it contains sulforaphane, a plant compound known for its brain-boosting properties.
Studies suggest that sulforaphane may help reduce inflammation and protect cells from damage, which is particularly beneficial during cancer treatment.
To incorporate these veggies into your diet, consider steaming or roasting them with a drizzle of olive oil and a pinch of salt. For added flavor, a squeeze of lemon can enhance the taste, provided you’re not experiencing mouth sores or nausea.
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Wholesome Homemade Smoothies
Homemade smoothies offer a convenient and nutritious option for chemotherapy patients looking to maintain their strength and energy levels.
Packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, smoothies can provide essential nutrients to support overall health during treatment.
Opt for a variety of ingredients, such as leafy greens, fruits, nuts, seeds, and dairy or plant-based milk, to create a balanced and flavorful blend.
Leafy greens like spinach and kale add a boost of vitamins and minerals, while fruits like berries and bananas provide sweetness and fiber. Incorporating protein-rich ingredients like Greek yogurt, tofu, or protein powder can help support muscle strength and repair.
To make a homemade smoothie, simply blend your chosen ingredients together until smooth and creamy. You can customize your smoothie to suit your taste preferences and dietary needs, making it an ideal option for those experiencing taste changes or difficulty swallowing solid foods.
Enjoy your homemade smoothie as a nutritious snack or meal replacement, providing essential nourishment to support your well-being during chemotherapy treatment.
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Bread or Crackers
When dealing with symptoms like diarrhea or nausea during chemotherapy, opting for white bread or crackers can be a comforting choice. These options are generally easy to digest, providing a gentle source of carbohydrates.
Whole-grain varieties offer added nutrients and fiber, making them suitable for times when your stomach is not upset.
Salted crackers, such as saltines, can help replenish sodium lost through diarrhea or vomiting, aiding in maintaining electrolyte balance.
Enjoy them plain or enhance their flavor and nutritional value by topping with nut butter, smashed avocado, or ricotta cheese according to your preferences.
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Fish
Incorporating fish into your diet offers a wealth of nutritional benefits. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, fish promotes overall health and supports immunity. Omega-3s, found abundantly in fatty fish, help prevent undesired weight loss, while vitamin D plays a crucial role in bolstering immune function.
Aim to include fish in your meals at least twice a week to reap these advantages. By enjoying two servings of fish weekly, you’ll nourish your body with essential nutrients, contributing to your overall well-being and immune resilience.
Foods to Avoid For Chemotherapy Treatment
During cancer treatment, it’s essential to be mindful of the foods you consume. Opt for whole, minimally processed options over highly refined and processed foods, as the latter may exacerbate inflammation. Fried foods containing hydrogenated oils should also be avoided due to their inflammatory properties.
Moreover, individuals undergoing cancer treatment often have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to foodborne illnesses. Therefore, it’s advisable to steer clear of certain risky foods, such as lightly cooked or raw fish like sushi, soft-cooked eggs, unpasteurized cheeses, and unwashed fruits or vegetables. Prioritize food safety by reading nutrition labels and preparing your meals whenever possible.
How to Manage Eating Problems During Chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy often comes with various eating challenges as common side effects of the treatment. These issues may include:
Appetite Loss
Some individuals may experience partial or complete loss of appetite during chemotherapy. To address this, consider drinking liquid or powdered meal replacements, eating smaller, more frequent meals, keeping snacks readily available, and consuming calorie and nutrient-rich liquids like juice, milk, or soup.
Nausea
Nausea is a frequent side effect that can hinder eating. To manage nausea, opt for stomach-friendly foods like plain toast or clear broth, eat small snacks regularly, avoid forcing specific foods, sip liquids throughout the day, consume room temperature foods and drinks, and have dry toast or crackers before bedtime.
Sore Mouth
Chemotherapy may lead to mouth sores and tender gums, making eating painful. Choose soft, easy-to-chew foods like scrambled eggs or custards, use sauces or broth to soften food, eat with a smaller spoon to take smaller bites, opt for cold or room temperature foods, and avoid citrus fruits, spicy, salty, and crunchy foods.
Trouble Swallowing
Chemotherapy-induced inflammation in the throat can cause difficulty swallowing. Select foods that are easier to swallow, cook food until soft, cut into smaller pieces or puree, sip drinks through a straw, and avoid hot, spicy, acidic, sharp, and crunchy foods.
Weight Loss
Cancer itself or chemotherapy treatment can lead to weight loss. To combat this, maintain a regular eating schedule, consume calorie and protein-rich foods, drink milkshakes, smoothies, or juices, and consider adding protein powders to meals.
Constipation
Pain medications, dietary changes, and reduced physical activity may result in constipation. Increase fluid intake, use laxatives if recommended by your healthcare team, engage in more physical activity, and limit gas-inducing foods and drinks.
By implementing these strategies, individuals undergoing chemotherapy can effectively manage eating challenges and maintain optimal nutrition to support their overall well-being during treatment.
Supplements During Cancer Treatment
If treatment side effects affect your nutrient intake, like vomiting or reduced appetite, a multivitamin might help. “Vitamin D is often deficient,” notes Rajagopal, as it bolsters immunity and bone health, vital during treatment. Consult a dietitian and oncologist before adding any supplements.
Conclusion
Maintaining a nutritious diet during chemotherapy is paramount for supporting treatment and overall well-being. With careful attention to food choices and strategies to manage eating challenges, individuals undergoing chemotherapy can optimize their nutrition to combat side effects, boost energy, and preserve immune function. Incorporating nutrient-rich foods like oatmeal, eggs, and broth, while avoiding processed and high-risk foods, can contribute to a healthier journey through cancer treatment. Consulting with healthcare professionals and registered dietitians ensures personalized guidance for navigating dietary needs during chemotherapy, fostering resilience and enhancing quality of life.
Also Read: Immunotherapy vs. Chemotherapy: What’s the Difference?
