Cervical cancer treatment in India is well renowned all over the world for its affordability and access to world class facilities. The country boasts top tier hospitals and oncologists who dedicate an extensive amount of time to patient care. This article will dive deep into the average cost incurred for availing treatment for cervical cancer in India and the several factors that influence this overall cost. The cost of cervical cancer treatment typically ranges from Rs. 1,00,000 – Rs. 5,00,000. Such a range allows patients from different strata of society to get access to quality treatment at an affordable cost. A number of factors influence the total cost, including the doctors’ experience level, the hospital of choice, and the length of stay. By clarifying these aspects, patients can take advantage of India’s excellent healthcare system and make well-informed decisions regarding their course of treatment.
What is Cervical Cancer ?
Cervical cancer begins in the cell lining of the cervix- the lower part of the uterus. The cervix joins the vagina (birth canal) with the uterus’s body, which is the upper portion where a fetus develops. When cells in the body start to grow uncontrollably, cancer begins. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy in women worldwide, and in 2022, there were over 6,60,000 new cases reported. Approximately 94% of the 350,000 cervical cancer-related fatalities that year happened in low- and middle-income nations. South-East Asia, Central America, and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have the greatest incidence and fatality rates of cervical cancer. Variations in the incidence of cervical cancer among regions are associated with disparities in the availability of immunization, screening, and treatment programmes; risk factors such as the prevalence of HIV; and social and economic factors like gender stereotypes, poverty, and sex. Compared to the general population, women living with HIV are six times more likely to acquire cervical cancer, and HPV is believed to be responsible for 5% of all instances of cervical cancer.
Causes
A common sexually transmitted infection that can damage the skin, genitalia, and throat is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Most people who engage in sexual activity will get infected at some point in their lives, usually without experiencing any symptoms. The immune system often rids the body of HPV. High-risk HPV infections can persist and lead to the development of aberrant cells that eventually turn into cancer.
95% of cervical cancers are caused by persistent HPV infection of the cervix, which is the lowest part of the uterus or womb that enters into the vagina, also known as the birth canal, if treatment is not received. Normal cells turn into cancer over a period of 15–20 years, but in women with compromised immune systems—such as those with untreated HIV—this process can happen more quickly, taking only 5–10 years. The grade of oncogenicity of the HPV type, the immunological state, the number of births, the age at first pregnancy, the use of hormonal contraceptives, smoking, and the presence of other STDs are risk factors that can result in the development of cancer.
Signs And Symptoms
Some of the most common signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include –
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
- An unusual discharge from the vagina.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
- Pain in the pelvic region.
- Swelling of the legs.
- Problems urinating or in the bowel movement.
- Blood in the urine.
Lines Of Treatment
Here are the various lines of treatment available for cervical cancer
Cone Biopsy
A cone biopsy may be able to remove all of the malignancy in an initial stage cervical carcinoma. During this surgery, a cone-shaped section of the cervical tissue is removed, leaving the rest of the cervix intact. This surgical procedure is preferable for women who wish to get pregnant in the future.
Trachelectomy
A radical trachelectomy method may be used to treat initial cervical carcinoma. The cervix and some surrounding tissue are removed during this surgical procedure. After this treatment, the uterus is still present, so if a woman desires, she can still conceive.
Hysterectomy
A radical hysterectomy procedure is used to treat the majority of cervical malignancies that have not progressed outside the cervix. This entails the excision of the uterus, cervix, vaginal wall, and adjacent lymph nodes. Frequently, a hysterectomy will both cure the cancer and prevent it from returning. However, the removal of the uterus will make it impossible for women to conceive in the future.
Radiation Treatment
High-energy beams, such as protons or X-rays, are used in radiation therapy to target and kill cancer cells. When surgery is not an option or when the cancer has spread, this course of treatment is taken into consideration.
Chemotherapy
Drugs are given during chemotherapy to kill cells that divide quickly, particularly cancer cells. It may be used in conjunction with other therapies for advanced cervical cancer and can be taken orally or intravenously. Chemotherapy is still a useful technique for managing the disease, even though it isn’t used as frequently as other methods.
Targeted Therapy
Through the use of medications that target particular anomalies present in cancer cells, targeted therapy stops the proliferation of cancer cells. Patients can find out if they qualify for targeted therapy, a more individualized form of treatment, by laboratory analysis.
Immunotherapy
Through immunotherapy, cancer cells are recognised and attacked by the immune system of the body. Immunotherapy for cancer improves the body’s defenses against the disease by focusing on the proteins that cancer cells use to evade the immune system. Immunotherapy is used mostly for advanced cervical cancer; however, it is a promising new treatment approach.
Palliative Care
Palliative treatment, especially for patients with advanced cervical cancer, aims to improve quality of life and relieve discomfort. A multidisciplinary team delivers this specialized medical care, which might be combined with curative procedures like radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery. Palliative care aims to improve overall well-being for patients and their families by attending to their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs during the course of treatment.
How Much Does Cervical Cancer Treatment Cost In Different Cities In India ?
The price for cervical cancer in India varies across different cities. Here is the approximate cost for cervical cancer in India in different cities:
- New Delhi: Rs. 180086 to Rs. 281674
- Gurgaon: Rs. 184704 to Rs. 277056
- Noida: Rs. 173160 to Rs. 288600
- Chennai: Rs. 184704 to Rs. 265512
- Mumbai: Rs. 189322 to Rs. 281674
- Bangalore: Rs. 180086 to Rs. 272438
- Kolkata: Rs. 173160 to Rs. 260894
- Jaipur: Rs. 161616 to Rs. 258586
- Mohali: Rs. 166234 to Rs. 392496
- Ahmedabad: Rs. 154690 to Rs. 256277
- Hyderabad: Rs. 177778 to Rs. 270130
Factors That Influence The Cost Of Cervical Cancer Cost In India
Let us understand the factors that influence the cost of cervical cancer in India:
Type of Treatment Suggested by a Doctor
The particular course of therapy that the physician recommends is a major factor in the final cost. The complexity, length of time, and costs associated with various treatment options, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, differ. Surgical interventions, for instance, may entail costs for anesthesia, operating room fees, surgeon fees, and post-operative care.
Hospital Selection, Location, and Certification
The cost of treating cervical cancer can be significantly influenced by the hospital of choice. In comparison to hospitals in smaller towns or rural areas, hospitals in metropolitan cities or urban centers may typically have greater treatment expenses. The hospital’s accreditation status, including its membership in national and international healthcare associations, might also affect the price. Higher quality standards are frequently followed by accredited hospitals, which may be reflected in the cost of care.
Duration of Hospitalization
The length of hospital stay necessary for the treatment of cervical cancer can have a big effect on the total cost. Longer hospital stays may be required for complex surgeries or rigorous treatment plans, which will increase the cost of lodging, nursing care, and facilities. Complications or the need for post-operative care may also prolong the hospital stay and raise expenses.
Further Medical Examinations, If Needed
Other medical investigations, such as diagnostic imaging (MRIs, CT scans), laboratory testing, or specialist consultations, can be required in addition to the initial therapy procedures. The total cost of care may increase as a result of these supplemental services.
Final Note
India is a beacon of hope for anyone searching for affordable, top-notch cervical cancer care. Oncologists who are committed to providing top-notch care at a far lower cost than in western nations can provide excellent care to patients. Thanks to the many treatment options available, including radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery, patients can also choose to receive personalized care that is tailored to meet their unique needs.
Additionally, the adaptability and flexibility of Indian healthcare facilities enable customized treatment plans that enhance patient happiness and outcomes. For a more comprehensive understanding of the total cost, you should always consult your oncologist, even though the accompanying cost estimate is only intended to be used as a broad guide.
